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1.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 120(2): e80-e84, abril 2022. ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1363973

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de erupción medicamentosa con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, DRESS), también conocido como síndrome de hipersensibilidad inducida por medicamentos, es una reacción rara potencialmente mortal que causa una erupción grave y que puede provocar insuficiencia multiorgánica. Como con otras erupciones medicamentosas graves, los linfocitos T específicos para un medicamento tienen una función crucial en el síndrome DRESS. El modelo de hapteno/pro-hapteno, el modelo de interacción farmacológica y el modelo alterado de repertorio de péptidos son tres modelos diferentes desarrollados para describir la relación/interacción entre un medicamento o sus metabolitos y el sistema inmunitario. Analizamos nuestra experiencia con el tratamiento con ciclosporina en un caso de síndrome DRESS resistente a esteroides causado por ácido valproico en una niña y sus resultados clínicos, de laboratorio y de antígeno leucocitario humano (HLA).


Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, is a potentially life-threatening rare reaction that causes a severe rash and can lead to multiorgan failure. As in other severe drug eruptions, drug-specific T lymphocytes play a crucial role in DRESS. The hapten/pro-hapten model, pharmacological interaction model, and altered peptide repertoire model are three different models developed to describe the relationship/interaction between a medication or its metabolites and the immune system. We discuss our experience with cyclosporine treatment in a steroid-resistant DRESS syndrome caused by valproic acid in a girl, as well as her clinical, laboratory, and human leukocyte antigens (HLA) study results


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Eosinophilia/complications , Eosinophilia/chemically induced , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/etiology , Valproic Acid/adverse effects , Cyclosporine , Haptens/adverse effects , HLA Antigens/adverse effects
2.
Dermatol. argent ; 28(1): 3-14, Ene.-Marz. 2022. il, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1391083

ABSTRACT

La reacción a fármacos con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos (del acrónimo en inglés DRESS: drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) o síndrome de hipersensibilidad inducida por fármacos (del acrónimo en inglés DIHS: drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome), es una reacción adversa a fármacos (RAF) grave e infrecuente. Los mecanismos involucrados en su fisiopatogenia incluyen diversas alteraciones de las enzimas metabolizadoras de fármacos, con la consecuente acumulación de metabolitos reactivos, la reactivación secuencial de virus de la familia del herpes, la predisposición genética asociada a ciertos alelos de antígenos leucocitarios humanos (HLA) y una respuesta de hipersensibilidad retardada de tipo IV. En la actualidad, se han ido incorporando nuevos fármacos responsables de este cuadro como medicamentos biológicos, inmunosupresores y quimioterápicos. La presentación clínica del DRESS es variable. Tiene una morbimortalidad alta y supone costos elevados en la atención médica. Su tratamiento consiste, en primer lugar, en la suspensión de los fármacos causales o sospechosos de desencadenar el síndrome. Luego, según la gravedad del cuadro, se pueden indicar corticosteroides sistémicos o inmunoglobulina (IGIV) combinada con corticosteroides, plasmaféresis, ciclosporina, micofenolato de mofetilo y rituximab. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión sobre el DRESS y destacar los aspectos nuevos y relevantes de los últimos 5 años.


Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) or drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), is a serious and rare adverse drug reaction. Among the mechanisms involved in its pathophysiology, there are various alterations in drugmetabolizing enzymes with the consequent accumulation of reactive metabolites, sequential reactivation of viruses of the herpes family, genetic predis-position associated with certain HLA, and a type IV hypersensitivity response. Currently, new drugs responsible for this pathology have been incorporated, such as biologicals, immunosuppressants and chemotherapy. The clinical presentation of DRESS is variable. It has a high morbidity and mortality and involves high costs in medical care. Its treatment consists, in the first place, in the suspension of the causal or suspected drugs. Then, depending on severity, systemic corticosteroids or IVIG combined with corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab may be indicated.The objective of this work was review DRESS and highlight the new and relevant aspects of the last 5 years.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Autoimmune Diseases , Eosinophilia , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 20(2): 108-112, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1428751

ABSTRACT

A Síndrome de DRESS (do inglês, Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) é uma patologia rara que consiste em uma severa reação medicamentosa mediada por células T. O presente relato de caso retrata uma paciente do sexo feminino, 59 anos, que apresentou icterícia, febre não termometrada, acolia, colúria, mialgia, placas hipercrômicas e lesões pruriginosas. Referiu uso recente de alopurinol, paracetamol e nimesulida, apresentando melhora importante e espontânea após a suspensão das medicações. A extensão do tempo de exposição ao medicamento agressor ocasiona um maior período de internação e risco de mortalidade. Além disso, os dados restritos sobre a Síndrome de DRESS impõe desafios ao seu diagnóstico. Sendo assim, este estudo busca destacar a importância do diagnóstico clínico precoce, a suspensão do medicamento agressor e a instituição da terapêutica adequada para um prognóstico favorável


The Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome is a rare pathology that consists of a severe drug reaction mediated by T cells. The present case report depicts a female patient, 59 years old, who presented jaundice, non thermometered fever, acholia, choluria, myalgia, hyperchromic plaques and pruritic lesions. She mentioned recent use of allopurinol, paracetamol and nimesulide, showing significant and spontaneous improvement after discontinuation of medications. The extension of time of exposure to the offending drug causes a longer period of hospitalization and risk of mortality. In addition, the restricted data on DRESS Syndrome poses challenges to its diagnosis. Therefore, this study seeks to highlight the importance of early clinical diagnosis, suspension of the offending drug and the institution of appropriate therapy for a favorable prognosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Skin Diseases/chemically induced , Allopurinol/adverse effects , Gout Suppressants/adverse effects , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Liver Failure, Acute/chemically induced , Eosinophilia/blood , Exanthema/chemically induced , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/blood , Leukocytosis/blood
4.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 41(4): 180-185, dic. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1366880

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de intolerancia a múltiples medicamentos (MDIS, por sus siglas en inglés) se caracteriza por la intolerancia a dos o más medicamentos no relacionados. Tiene una prevalencia baja y es común en pacientes con polifarmacia. A pesar de que las reacciones adversas a los medicamentos son muy frecuentes, es raro que los pacientes debuten con este síndrome, el cual tiene implicaciones clínicas de leves a graves que afectan su vida; de acuerdo con esto varían el abordaje y su manejo. La sintomatología presentada varía desde síntomas gastrointestinales como reflujo gastroesofágico, dolores musculares y cefalea, hasta síntomas cutáneos; estos son los más frecuentes, tales como urticaria y erupciones maculopapulares o presentaciones menos comunes como el síndrome de Stevens-Johnson. El MDIS es causado por una amplia variedad de fármacos; por ello el conocimiento del síndrome, así como un adecuado interrogatorio de los antecedentes del paciente, es necesario para realizar un diagnóstico oportuno e instaurar un manejo adecuado y preventivo, evitando reacciones adversas que pongan en riesgo su vida. Con los hallazgos del cuadro clínico en la paciente, y basados en los antecedentes alérgicos presentados anteriormente a diferentes medicamentos no relacionados entre ellos, más la presentación de un rash maculopapular generalizado posterior a la administración de trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol se realiza el diagnóstico de MDIS. Se decide cambiar de medicamento por fosfomicina, con una consecuente evolución favorable. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Drug Eruptions/diagnosis , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/physiopathology , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/adverse effects , Loratadine/administration & dosage , Polypharmacy , Fosfomycin/administration & dosage
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 19(2): 110-115, abr.-jun. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1379280

ABSTRACT

A síndrome DRESS é uma entidade rara e distinta, caracterizada por acometimento cutâneo e envolvimento de órgãos internos, com risco potencial de morte. O diagnóstico e o tratamento pre- coces são de vital importância. Relatos de DRESS por paraceta- mol são raros na literatura, razão pela qual apresentamos este caso. Paciente do sexo masculino, 56 anos, com surgimento de rash maculopapular, febre, linfadenopatia e hipereosinofilia 3 semanas após suspensão de paracetamol, associados ao ante- cedente familiar de reação a fármaco. Evoluiu bem após pulso- terapia com metilprednisolona.


DRESS syndrome is a rare and distinct entity characterized by cutaneous manifestations and internal organs involvement with a potential risk of death. Early diagnosis and treatment are vi- tally important. Reported cases of DRESS syndrome due to ace- taminophen are rare in the literature, and that is the reason for this case report. A 56-year-old male patient with maculopapular rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, and hypereosinophilia three we- eks after suspension of acetaminophen, associated with a family history of drug reaction. It progressed well after pulse therapy with methylprednisolone.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antipyretics/adverse effects , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Acetaminophen/adverse effects , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Loratadine/therapeutic use , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Arthralgia/etiology , Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating/therapeutic use , Exanthema/etiology , Fever/etiology , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/drug therapy , Lymphadenopathy/etiology
6.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 119(3): e234-e238, Junio 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1248142

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de sensibilidad a fármacos con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos o síndrome de DRESS según sus siglas en inglés (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) se encuentra entre las reacciones medicamentosas cutáneas graves. Este consiste en una tríada clínica que incluye fiebre, exantema y compromiso sistémico, acompañado de eosinofilia y/o linfocitos atípicos.Se presenta el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino con fibrosis quística, de 18 meses de edad, quien desarrolló esta patología durante un tratamiento con trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol para erradicar Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente en esputo. Los pacientes con fibrosis quística reciben múltiples esquemas antibióticos según bacteriología en secreciones respiratorias para evitar el deterioro de la función pulmonar y colonización por gérmenes resistentes. Es menester conocer y sospechar este síndrome, debido al riesgo incrementado de hipersensibilidad a drogas en fibrosis quística, pronóstico ominoso y su elevada morbimortalidad


Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms or DRESS syndrome is among severe cutaneous drug reactions. This constitutes a clinical triad that includes fever, skin rash and systemic compromise, accompanied by eosinophilia and/or atypical lymphocytes.We present the case of an 18-month-old female patient with cystic fibrosis, who develops this pathology during a trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole cycle as an eradicating treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in bronchial secretions. Cystic fibrosis patients receive multiple antibiotic regimens according to bacteriology in sputum, to avoid impairment in their lung function and colonization by resistant germs. Due to the increased risk of drug hypersensitivity in cystic fibrosis, an ominous prognosis and high morbidity and mortality, knowledge and a high index of suspicion of this syndrome are necessary


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Cystic Fibrosis , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Staphylococcus aureus , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/adverse effects , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Eosinophilia/diagnosis , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/complications
7.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 119(3): e247-e251, Junio 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1248216

ABSTRACT

La reacción a drogas con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos es una reacción adversa cutánea rara, potencialmente grave. Puede presentar fiebre, erupción cutánea polimorfa, edema facial y/o linfoadenopatías. La reactivación del virus herpes humano tipo 6 se asocia a un curso más grave y/o prolongado.Un lactante de 22 meses en tratamiento con fenobarbital presentó lesiones eritematopapulares, fiebre, leucocitosis, proteína C reactiva elevada y alteración de pruebas hepáticas. Se realizó biopsia de piel compatible con reacción adversa a drogas. Se trató con corticoides sistémicos e inmunoglobulina intravenosa sin respuesta. La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para virus herpes humano tipo 6 resultó positiva. Se inició ciclosporina más prednisona, con buena respuesta. Existe poca evidencia del uso de ciclosporina en adultos, cuando los corticoides sistémicos son inefectivos. Este es el primer reporte pediátrico Podría ser una alternativa efectiva o un complemento de los corticosteroides sistémicos cuando no responde a tratamientos convencionales.


Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms is a rare and potentially serious skin adverse reaction, with fever, polymorphous skin rash, facial edema, and/or lymphadenopathy. Reactivation of human herpes virus type 6 has been associated with a more severe and/or prolonged course. A 22-month-old infant under phenobarbital treatment developed erythematous-papular lesions, fever, leukocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein, and abnormal liver tests. The skin biopsy was compatible with an adverse drug reaction. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin had no response. Polymerase chain reaction for human herpesvirus type 6 was positive, and cyclosporine plus prednisone was started with a good response. There is little evidence for the use of cyclosporine in adults when systemic corticosteroids are ineffective. This is the first report of pediatric drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms treated with cyclosporine, which could be an effective alternative or an adjunct to systemic corticosteroid therapy unresponsive to conventional treatments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Herpesvirus 6, Human , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Eosinophilia , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/complications , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/therapy
8.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 41(1): 21-25, mar. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1178296

ABSTRACT

El síndrome DRESS es una reacción adversa dermatológica que puede presentarse debido a diversos medicamentos, y constituye uno de los diagnósticos más importantes por encima del síndrome de Stevens-Johnson. Se trata de un caso relacionado con una reacción adversa de muy baja frecuencia, que está documentada en la literatura científica, a varios medicamentos, entre ellos la fenitoína. Por lo mencionado, la publicación de estos casos resulta escasa y limitada. Las principales preocupaciones del paciente relacionadas con su cuadro clínico radicaban en el gran compromiso cutáneo que lo llevó a hospitalización, dolor e incomodidad, por el cual recurrió al manejo tópico generalizado con vaselina. Los hallazgos clínicos relevantes fueron: eosinofilia severa, ulceraciones cutáneas, hepatitis química y fiebre. Con los hallazgos del cuadro clínico y la evaluación de la escala RegiSCAR se hace el diagnóstico de síndrome DRESS inducido por fenitoína. Se suspende la fenitoína, se inicia levetiracetam y se administran corticosteroides y acetaminofén con evolución favorable. (AU)


DRESS syndrome is a dermatological adverse reaction can occur due to various medications, being one of the most important diagnoses above Steven-Johnson syndrome. This is a case related to a very low frequency adverse reaction that is documented in the scientific literature to several medicines among those, the phenytoin. Therefore, the publication of these cases is scarce and limited. The main concerns of the patients related to their clinical picture were due to the great cutaneous compromise that lead to hospitalization, pain and discomfort for which they resorted to generalized topical management with vaseline (petrolatum). Relevant clinical findings were severe eosinophilia, skin ulcerations, chemical hepatitis and fever. With clinical picture findings and evaluation of the RegiSCAR scale, the diagnosis of Phenytoin-induced DRESS syndrome is made. Phenytoin is discontinued, levetiracetam is started and corticosteroids and acetaminophen are administrated with favorable evolution. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Phenytoin/adverse effects , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Petrolatum/therapeutic use , Phenytoin/administration & dosage , Albendazole/administration & dosage , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Eosinophilia/etiology , Exanthema/diagnosis , Levetiracetam/administration & dosage , Acetaminophen/therapeutic use
9.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS | ID: biblio-1358025

ABSTRACT

A síndrome DRESS é uma reação adversa a medicamentos pouco conhecida dentro da prática clínica, porém com grande potencial de letalidade devido a combinação de manifestações cutâneas e envolvimento de múltiplos órgãos. Objetivo: identificar possíveis reações adversas graves e incomuns secundárias ao uso de medicações usadas frequentemente na prática clínica. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de caso construído com base em levantamento de dados do prontuário do paciente e análise a partir de um referencial teórico para comprovação de sua relevância na prática clínica. Resultado: Enfatizou-se a importância de um reconhecimento precoce dessa condição, a fim de evitar desfechos graves


The DRESS syndrome is an adverse drug reaction that is unsual in clinical practice, but with a high potential for lethality, due to the combination of cutaneous manifestations and involvement of multiple organs. Objective: identify possible serious and unusual adverse reactions secondary to the use of medications frequently used in clinical practice. Methods: This is a case report built on the basis of data collection from the patient's medical record and analysis from a theoretical framework to prove its source in clinical practice. Outcome: The importance of early recognition of this condition was emphasized, in order to avoid serious outcomes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Allopurinol/adverse effects , Exanthema , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/drug therapy , Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Histamine Antagonists
10.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(8)ago. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389292

ABSTRACT

DRESS syndrome (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) is a severe, rare and potentially lethal idiosyncratic condition associated with the use of some drugs. Given its broad spectrum of presentation, clinical suspicion is essential for management, since it requires the immediate withdrawal of the culprit drug, support measures and the use of corticosteroids as the first line of treatment. We report a 24-year-old woman with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis with joint involvement despite the use of infliximab, who presented symptoms, signs and laboratory compatible with DRESS syndrome on the third week after indicating sulfasalazine for her baseline disease.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Young Adult , Sulfasalazine , Antirheumatic Agents , Eosinophilia , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome , Sulfasalazine/adverse effects , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Eosinophilia/chemically induced , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/etiology , Infliximab
11.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 86(1/2): 49-51, ene-. jul. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1007369

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El síndrome de DRESS por sus siglas en inglés (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Sistemic Symptoms), re-presenta una enfermedad grave (1) potencialmente letal que incluye reacción cutánea, iebre, anomalías hematológicas e involucro de diversos órganos. Caso Clínico: Masculino de 2 años con antecedente de uso de Fenobarbital, quien ingresó con historia de iebre, adenopatías y rash cutáneo generalizado. En los exámenes de laboratorio se evidencio leucopenia con eosinoilia con elevación de las enzimas hepáticas; se realizaron pruebas de imagen que reportaron hepatomegalia, y nefromegalia bilateral, mostrando evolución satisfactoria inmediata después del retiro de fenobarbital y una terapia esteroidea sistémica. Discusión: Al ser una reacción adversa de baja frecuencia que presenta una mortalidad de hasta un 30% se considera de importancia conocer su comportamiento clínico, así como el diagnóstico y manejo...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Phenobarbital/toxicity , Exanthema/complications , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Eosinophilia/complications , Hypersensitivity
12.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(3): 433-436, jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-950021

ABSTRACT

Entre las reacciones medicamentosas graves en la piel, se encuentran el síndrome de Stevens-Johnson, la necrólisis epidérmica tóxica y el síndrome de sensibilidad a fármacos con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; DRESS, por sus siglas en inglés), que son poco comunes en la población pediátrica (incidencia: 1/1000-10 000 niños), sin embargo, tienen mal pronóstico. El síndrome de sensibilidad a fármacos con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos consiste en erupciones cutáneas, alteraciones hematológicas, linfadenopatía y afectación de órganos. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 12 años que desarrolló esta patología después de iniciar el tratamiento anticonvulsivo con carbamazepina. Se considera que es importante que el personal de la salud tenga conocimiento de esta enfermedad para que sea incluida entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de pacientes con afecciones similares, ya que este síndrome es potencialmente mortal.


Severe skin reactions include Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis and Drug reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, which are uncommon in the pediatric population (incidence 1/1000-10 000 children), but they have bad prognosis. Drug-sensitive Syndrome with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms consists in rash, hematological abnormalities, lymphadenopathy and organ involvement. We report the case of a 12-year-old male patient who developed this pathology after initiating anticonvulsant therapy with carbamazepine. We consider that it is important to be aware of this disease and to include it among the differential diagnoses in patients with similar conditions because this syndrome is life-threatening.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Carbamazepine/adverse effects , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/etiology , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Carbamazepine/administration & dosage , Epilepsies, Partial/drug therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage
13.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 34(4): 114-118, 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1102757

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La reacción a drogas con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos (DRESS) es una rara enfermedad que puede ser letal. OBJETIVOS: Describir los hallazgos clínicos, de laboratorio e histopatológicos en pacientes con DRESS. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de fichas clínicas de pacientes con DRESS entre los años 2007 y 2017 con score regiSCAR mayor o igual a caso probable. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 24 pacientes: 14 fueron mujeres (58,3%), 2 tuvieron enfermedad autoinmune (8,3%), la edad promedio fue 45,04 años DS 17,2 (16-78). Los medicamentos frecuentemente implicados fueron Lamotrigina (33,3%) y Carbamazepina (20,8%). La latencia fue 28 días DS 17,7 (10-90). La clínica más frecuente fue prurito 87,5%, fiebre 75%, edema facial 62,5% y adenopatías 45,8%. En laboratorio lo más alterado fueron pruebas hepáticas (70,8%) y eosinofilia (45,8%). 11 pacientes (45,8%) presentaron eosinófilos en la histopatología y 21 pacientes (87,5%) fueron tratados con corticoides. La mortalidad fue 11,1% (2 pacientes, por causas distintas a DRESS). DISCUSIÓN: DRESS es una reacción adversa a medicamentos severa con variados hallazgos clínicos y analíticos que requieren de su conocimiento para no retrasar el diagnóstico y su tratamiento.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare disease that can be lethal. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, laboratory and histopathological findings in patients with DRESS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of clinical records of patients with DRESS between 2007 and 2017 with RegiSCAR score greater than or equal to probable case. RESULTS: 24 patients were studied: 14 were women (58.3%), 2 had autoimmune diseases (8.3%), the average age was 45.04 ± 17.2 years (16-78). The medications frequently implicated were Lamotrigine (33.3%) and Carbamazepine (20.8%). The latency was 28 ± 17.7 days (10-90). The most frequent symptoms were 87.5% pruritus, fever 75%, facial edema 62.5% and lymphadenopathies 45.8%. In the laboratory, the most disturbed were liver tests (70.8%) and eosinophilia (45.8%). 11 patients (45.8%) presented eosino-phils in histopathology and 21 patients (87.5%) were treated with corticosteroids. Mortality was 11.1% (2 patients) due to other causes than DRESS. DISCUSSION: DRESS is an adverse reaction to severe medications with a varied clinical and la-boratory finding, requiring knowledge in order to not to delay diagnosis and treatment.Key words: DRESS; Eosinophilia; ADR, Drug rash


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/pathology , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/epidemiology , Autoimmune Diseases , Clinical Evolution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/complications , Eosinophilia , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/therapy
15.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(1): 158-163, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844592

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de sensibilidad a fármacos con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos es una enfermedad potencialmente mortal, caracterizada por exantema, fiebre, adenopatías, alteraciones hematológicas y compromiso de órganos internos. Objetivo: Presentar una afección poco frecuente en pediatría para facilitar la sospecha diagnóstica y el rápido reconocimiento por parte de los médicos. Caso clínico: Lactante de 9 meses hospitalizada por un cuadro de neumonía viral grave con ventilación mecánica no invasiva, tratada con ceftriaxona entre otros medicamentos. Al quinto día de suspendido el antibiótico presentó un exantema maculopapular violáceo, confluente de predominio en el tronco, la cara y las extremidades superiores, asociado a fiebre, eosinofilia y elevación de transaminasas. Se manejó con prednisona oral más corticoides tópicos por 6 semanas, con buena evolución a los 3 meses de seguimiento. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de síndrome de sensibilidad a fármacos con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos se realiza por clínica y exámenes de laboratorio, además de biopsia cutánea en caso de duda diagnóstica. Si bien su causa más frecuente son los anticonvulsivantes se han descrito casos con un sinnúmero de fármacos. El manejo consiste en la suspensión del fármaco sospechoso asociado a medidas de soporte y tratamiento corticosteroide por tiempos prolongados.


Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare, potentially life-threatening, drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction that includes skin eruption, haematological abnormalities, lymphadenopathy, and internal organ involvement. Objective: Presenting a rare condition in children, to facilitate a rapid diagnostic suspicion and recognition by doctors. Case report: An 9 months old infant admitted due to a severe viral pneumonia, managed with non-invasive ventilation and ceftriaxone. Five days after stopping antibiotics, a confluent maculopapular rash appeared, which was predominantly in the trunk, face and upper extremities, combined with a fever, eosinophilia, and elevated serum levels of transaminase. She received treatment with oral prednisone and topical corticosteroids for 6 weeks, with a good outcome after 3 months. Conclusions: The diagnosis of DRESS syndrome is made using clinical criteria, laboratory values, and histopathology, if there is any query. Although it is classically caused by anticonvulsants and sulphonamides, many other drugs have been implicated. The offending drug should be immediately discontinued and the patient given supportive treatment, and systemic corticosteroids for long periods of treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Ceftriaxone/adverse effects , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Pneumonia/drug therapy , Ceftriaxone/administration & dosage , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/etiology , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/drug therapy , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage
16.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 87(1): 38-43, mar. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-780105

ABSTRACT

Las toxicodermias son dermatosis inducidas por medicamentos. Representan las principales reacciones adversas a medicamentos. El síndrome de hipersensibilidad severa a anticonvulsivantes o síndrome de DRESS ('Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms') es una toxicodermia de baja incidencia, idiosincrática y potencialmente fatal. Los anticonvulsivantes son la causa más frecuente. En esta comunicación se describen las manifestaciones clínicas, paraclínicas y dificultades diagnósticas de tres casos clínicos. Su diagnóstico oportuno requiere alto grado de sospecha, conocer sus manifestaciones y los posibles diagnósticos diferenciales. La mortalidad está fundamentalmente vinculada a la presencia de falla hepatocítica aguda. La suspensión del medicamento implicado es el tratamiento fundamental. Se destaca la importancia de evaluar la relacion beneficio-riesgo a la hora de prescrbir un medicamento e incorporar la farmacovigilancia a la práctica clínica.


Toxicodermas are drug-induced dermatoses. They represent the most frequent adverse reactions to drug products. The Anticonvulsant severe hypersensitivity syndrome, or DRESS syndrome ('Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms') is a rare, idiosyncratic, and potentially fatal toxicoderma. Anticonvulsants are its most frequent cause. In this communication, the clinical and paraclinical manifestations, as well as the diagnostic difficulties of three clinical cases are described. Its timely diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion, the knowledge of its manifestations, and the possible differential diagnoses. Mortality is directly related with the presence of acute hepatocytic failure. Discontinuation of the drug product involved is fundamental. The importance of evaluating the benefit-risk ratio when prescribing a drug product, and of incorporating pharmacovigilance into clinical practice is highlighted.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/urine , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/blood
17.
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine ; : 521-530, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-58263

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Allopurinol is a urate-lowering agent that is commonly used to prevent chemotherapy-related hyperuricemia. Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is a disorder involving multiple organs, which may be accompanied by cutaneous adverse reactions. We identified the characteristics and clinical outcomes of chemotherapy-associated AHS in patients with hematological malignancies. METHODS: This retrospective single-center study included 26 AHS patients (11 with and 15 without hematological malignancies) admitted to Seoul St. Mary's Hospital. AHS was defined using the criteria of Singer and Wallace. Comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher exact test as appropriate. RESULTS: In patients with a hematological malignancy and AHS, statistically significant differences were observed in terms of younger age at onset; shorter duration of exposure; higher starting and maintenance doses of allopurinol; lower incidence of eosinophilia, leukocytosis, and underlying renal insufficiency; and more frequent occurrence of fever compared to AHS patients without a hematological malignancy. Two AHS patients with a hematological malignancy were examined for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B typing, but neither patient harbored the HLA-B*5801 allele. All of the patients ceased allopurinol treatment, with most patients making a full recovery. Two patients in the study died; however, these deaths were unrelated to AHS. One patient developed serious sequelae of AHS that required hemodialysis. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians who prescribe allopurinol for the prevention of chemotherapy-related hyperuricemia should be aware of the unique risk of AHS, even in patients with hematological malignancies who do not have known risk factors for AHS. Novel urate-lowering agents should be considered alternative treatments.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Age Factors , Allopurinol/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Comorbidity , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Gout Suppressants/adverse effects , Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Hyperuricemia/chemically induced , Medical Records , Republic of Korea , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome
18.
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology ; : 71-75, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-18373

ABSTRACT

An 84-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with fever, jaundice, and itching. He had been diagnosed previously with chronic renal failure and diabetes, and had been taking allopurinol medication for 2 months. A physical examination revealed that he had a fever (38.8degrees C), jaundice, and a generalized maculopapular rash. Azotemia, eosinophilia, atypical lymphocytosis, elevation of liver enzymes, and hyperbilirubinemia were detected by blood analysis. Magnetic resonance cholangiography revealed multiple cysts similar to choledochal cysts in the liver along the biliary tree. Obstructive jaundice was suspected clinically, and so an endoscopic ultrasound examination was performed, which ruled out a diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. The patient was diagnosed with DRESS (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) syndrome due to allopurinol. Allopurinol treatment was stopped and steroid treatment was started. The patient died from cardiac arrest on day 15 following admission.


Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Allopurinol/adverse effects , Biliary Tract/pathology , Biliary Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Bilirubin/blood , Creatine/blood , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Endosonography , Eosinophils/cytology , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
19.
Rev. argent. dermatol ; 88(1): 46-54, ene.-mar. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634328

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de hipersensibilidad a drogas o síndrome DRESS es una reacción rara y potencialmente fatal; se caracteriza por presentar la tríada de fiebre, rash y compromiso de órganos internos. Fenitoína, fenobarbital y carbamazepina son los anticonvulsivantes aromáticos que con más frecuencia causan esta reacción. Dicho síndrome ocurre entre la 1ra y 8va semanas después de la exposición al fármaco. La eliminación inmediata de la droga es esencial para el manejo de estos pacientes. Presentamos una paciente de sexo femenino, de 62 años, medicada con carbamazepina durante un mes, que consulta por fiebre, mal estado general y rash máculopapuloso que se generalizó hasta abarcar el 90% de la superficie cutánea.


Anticonvulsivant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is a rare and potentially fatal reaction characterized by the appearance of fever, skin rash and internal organ involvement. Phenytoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine are the most frequent aromatic anticonvulsivant causing the reaction. This syndrome occurs 1-8 weeks after the initial drug exposure.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Carbamazepine/adverse effects , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Anticonvulsants/poisoning , Skin Manifestations
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